De Novo Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Decoy NL-CVX1 Protects Mice From Severe Disease After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.

The emergence of novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores the need to investigate alternative approaches to prevent infection and treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Here, we report the preclinical efficacy of NL-CVX1, a de novo decoy that blocks virus entry into cells by binding with nanomolar affinity and high specificity to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Using a transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we showed that a single prophylactic intranasal dose of NL-CVX1 conferred complete protection from severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multiple therapeutic administrations of NL-CVX1 also protected mice from succumbing to infection. Finally, we showed that infected mice treated with NL-CVX1 developed both anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and memory T cells and were protected against reinfection a month after treatment. Overall, these observations suggest NL-CVX1 is a promising therapeutic candidate for preventing and treating severe SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Preclinical Characterization of HPN536, a Trispecific, T-Cell-Activating Protein Construct for the Treatment of Mesothelin-Expressing Solid Tumors.

PURPOSE: Mesothelin (MSLN) is a glycophosphatidylinositol-linked tumor antigen overexpressed in a variety of malignancies, including ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and triple-negative breast cancer. Early signs of clinical efficacy with MSLN-targeting agents have validated MSLN as a promising target for therapeutic intervention, but therapies with improved efficacy are still needed to address the significant unmet medical need posed by MSLN-expressing cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We designed HPN536, a 53-kDa, trispecific, T-cell-activating protein-based construct, which binds to MSLN-expressing tumor cells, CD3ε on T cells, and to serum albumin. Experiments were conducted to assess the potency, activity, and half-life of HPN536 in in vitro assays, rodent models, and in nonhuman primates (NHP). RESULTS: HPN536 binds to MSLN-expressing tumor cells and to CD3ε on T cells, leading to T-cell activation and potent redirected target cell lysis. A third domain of HPN536 binds to serum albumin for extension of plasma half-life. In cynomolgus monkeys, HPN536 at doses ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/kg demonstrated MSLN-dependent pharmacologic activity, was well tolerated, and showed pharmacokinetics in support of weekly dosing in humans. CONCLUSIONS: HPN536 is potent, is well tolerated, and exhibits extended half-life in NHPs. It is currently in phase I clinical testing in patients with MSLN-expressing malignancies (NCT03872206).

Broad-spectrum chemokine inhibition reduces vascular macrophage accumulation and collagenolysis consistent with plaque stabilization in mice.

BACKGROUND: A major determinant of the risk of myocardial infarction is the stability of the atherosclerotic plaque. Macrophage-rich plaques are more vulnerable to rupture, since macrophages excrete an excess of matrix-degrading enzymes over their inhibitors, reducing collagen content and thinning the fibrous cap. Several genetic studies have shown that disruption of signalling by the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 reduced the lipid lesion area and macrophage accumulation in the vessel wall. METHODS: We have tested whether a similar reduction in macrophage accumulation could be achieved pharmacologically by treating apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice with the chemokine inhibitor NR58-3.14.3. RESULTS: Mice treated for various periods of time (from several days to 6 months) with NR58-3.14.3 (approximately 30 mg/kg/day) consistently had 30-40% fewer macrophages in vascular lesions, compared with mice treated with the inactive control NR58-3.14.4 or PBS vehicle. Similarly, cleaved collagen staining was lower in mice treated for up to 7 days, although this effect was not maintained when treatment time was extended to 12 weeks. The vascular lipid lesion area was unaffected by treatment, but total collagen I staining and smooth muscle cell number were both increased, suggesting that a shift to a more stable plaque phenotype had been achieved. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies, such as chemokine inhibition, to attenuate macrophage accumulation may therefore be useful to promote stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.